Fine-tuning creates models that know things. RAG creates systems that look things up. For enterprises where knowledge changes faster than training cycles, RAG wins on cost, velocity, and auditability....
Should you use microservices or a monolith? This canonical guide provides a decision matrix, extraction checklist, and honest evaluation criteria based on team size, scaling needs, and operational cap...
PostgreSQL dominates the 2025 StackOverflow survey with 55.6% market share. It's not hype - it's decades of reliability, extensibility, and solving real problems without creating new ones....
Direct experience running 3,000+ AWS instances. Hidden costs (egress, support tiers), optimization strategies, and why 78% of companies waste 21-50% of their cloud spend....
Static sites load faster, cost less, and break less than dynamic alternatives. Here's why the simplest web architecture keeps winning against modern complexity....
Assembly language isn't a relic - it's essential for voice AI, cryptography, and performance-critical paths. When 'compilers optimize better than humans' is marketing vs reality....
Serverless promised to eliminate infrastructure concerns. Instead it created new problems: cold starts, vendor lock-in, debugging nightmares, and costs that spiral at scale. Containers won. Kubernetes...
Most rewrites fail, but some succeed. The patterns that separate the 10% from the 90%: scope discipline, team continuity, good-enough architecture, and political protection....
Modern browsers run untrusted code from millions of sources daily and contain threats successfully. Browser-based applications inherit security properties that native apps can't match....
A monolith with good tests is better than 50 microservices with distributed debugging nightmares. When to use microservices: when you've proven you need them....
In 1996 at MSNBC, I built Workbench - a content management system for editors, copy editors, and photo teams before the term CMS existed. Workflow automation for non-technical users....
Data lakes have become resume-driven development. 85% of projects fail, most turning into data swamps. A well-structured PostgreSQL database handles most real-world use cases....
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